USA – Federal Agency tries to censor post-Katrina coverage ..und mehr, auch der YAHOO-Fall
—-| IFEX COMMUNIQUÉ VOL 14 NO 37 | 13 SEPTEMBER 2005 | ——
The IFEX Communiqué is the weekly newsletter of the International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX), a global network of 64 organisations working to defend and promote the right to free expression. IFEX is managed by Canadian Journalists for Free Expression (www.cjfe.org).
The IFEX Communiqué is also available in French (www.ifex.org/fr), Spanish (www.ifex.org/es), Russian (www.ifex.cjes.ru/) and Arabic (http://hrinfo.net/ifex/).
————–| Visit the IFEX website: http://www.ifex.org |——————
—-| Read about the IFEX Tunisia Campaign: http://campaigns.ifex.org/tmg |—–
—– | INDEX | ——
FREE EXPRESSION SPOTLIGHT:
1. Colombia: Fear Grips Media in Valle de Cauca
REGIONAL NEWS:
2. China: Yahoo Assailed Over Jailing of Journalist
3. Philippines: Media Watchdog Demonstrates Power of Blogging
4. United States: Federal Agency Tries to Censor Post-Katrina Coverage
TAKE ACTION!
5. Thailand: Petition to Support Media Reform Activist
REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS:
6. CERIGUA Documents Attacks on Guatemalan Journalists
7. Ukraine Obstructing Justice in Journalist’s Murder
„IN OTHER NEWS“…
8. OurMedia Conference
USEFUL WEBSITES:
9. Asia Media Forum
AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS:
10. APC Betinho Communications Prize
11. Dan David Prize
ALERTS ISSUED BY THE IFEX CLEARING HOUSE IN THE PAST WEEK
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FREE-EXPRESSION SPOTLIGHT
1. COLOMBIA: FEAR GRIPS MEDIA IN VALLE DEL CAUCA
In Colombia’s southeastern province of Valle del Cauca, journalists are being cowed into silence by attacks and threats from drug traffickers, paramilitaries, guerrillas and local politicians, according to a new report by five national and international press freedom groups that visited the region in July 2005.
Five IFEX members – the Foundation for Press Freedom (Fundación para la libertad de prensa, FLIP), the Institute for Press and Society (Instituto Prensa y Sociedad, IPYS), the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontières, RSF) and the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) – visited the province from 13 to 16 July where they met with journalists, community organisations and local authorities in Cali, Buenaventura, Tuluá, Cartago and Palmira.
Valle del Cauca is a base for two of Colombia’s most powerful drug cartels, who have formed rival private armies – the Machos and the Rastrojos. Two rebel groups – the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) – are also present and fight for control of the area against the right-wing paramilitary group United Self-Defence Groups of Colombia (AUC). In the town of Buenaventura alone, roughly 30 people are killed each month, according to local police.
In this environment, journalists work in fear. In the past two years, two have been murdered and at least four others threatened for reporting on corruption and drug trafficking. Many journalists now avoid tackling the subjects altogether. „We just report what the police say,“ says one journalist. „If they say nothing, we say nothing.“ Drug traffickers are often described in the media as „businessmen“ or as „proprietors.“ Meanwhile, FARC, ELN and AUC routinely threaten journalists if media outlets refuse to publish their statements or censor articles that appear to favour their opponents.
Local authorities play down the severity of the situation, according to the IFEX members. While the police chief in Cali told the mission that „journalists have maximum protection,“ the IFEX members say protection is minimal and investigations into attacks rarely get very far.
In the latest attack, the president of the Valle del Cauca Journalists‘ Association, Guillermo Cabrera Medina, was found murdered in Cali on 4 September, reported FLIP and IPYS. He was stabbed to death. FLIP is investigating whether Cabrera was killed because of his work as a journalist. Initial reports indicate that he had not been threatened.
To read the full report of the international press freedom mission to Valle del Cauca, see: http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69191/
Visit these links:
– FLIP: http://www.flip.org.co
– RSF: http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=14939
– IPYS: http://www.ipys.org
– IFJ: http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=LATAM&Language=EN
– CPJ: http://www.cpj.org/attacks04/americas04/colombia.html
– Human Rights Watch: http://www.hrw.org/doc?t=americas&c=colomb
– CrisisWeb Report on Colombia: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=3556&l=1
– Reuters on Why 3 Million Colombians Have Fled Their Country: http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/112015044380.htm
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REGIONAL NEWS:
ASIA
2. CHINA: YAHOO ASSAILED OVER JAILING OF JOURNALIST
Yahoo! has come under fire from press freedom and human rights groups after it was revealed that the Internet service provider’s subsidiary in Hong Kong provided information to Chinese authorities, which was used to convict and jail a journalist.
Shi Tao, a journalist for „Dangdai Shang Bao“ („Contemporary Business News“), was sentenced in April 2005 by a court in Changsha to 10 years in jail for „leaking state secrets abroad,“ report the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontières, RSF). He had written an e-mail to the editor of a New York-based web site which divulged the contents of a Propaganda Department memo sent to his newspaper.
The Dui Hua Foundation, which lobbies for the release of political prisoners in China, translated the verdict into English, which showed that Yahoo! Holdings (Hong Kong) Ltd. provided Chinese authorities with information that enabled them to link Shi’s personal e-mail account (huoyan-1989@yahoo.com.cn) and his e-mail message to the IP address of his computer (see: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/globalvoices/wp-content/ShiTao_verdict.pdf).
„Account holder information furnished by Yahoo Holdings (Hong Kong) Ltd., which confirms that for IP address 218.76.8.201 at 11:32:17pm on April 20, 2004, the corresponding information was as follows: user telephone number, 0731-4376362 located at the Contemporary Business News office in Hunan; address: 2F, Building 88, Tianxiang New Village, Kaifu District, Changsha,“ the verdict said.
Yahoo! co-founder Jerry Yang has confirmed that his company assisted Chinese authorities in passing on information about Shi Tao but said it had no choice, reports the International Herald Tribune. Yang said his company was complying with local laws.
Writing in RConversation.blogs.com, former CNN journalist Rebecca MacKinnon says Yahoo! could have chosen to host its Chinese e-mail service outside China. Instead, it chose to host it inside the country, subjecting it to Chinese laws. „If Shi Tao’s email account had been hosted on servers outside of China, Yahoo! wouldn’t have been legally obligated to hand over his information,“ MacKinnon says.
For years, Yahoo! has allowed the Chinese version of its search engine to be censored, notes RSF. In 2002, the company voluntarily signed the „Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the China Internet Industry“, agreeing to abide by Chinese censorship regulations. Yahoo! China’s search engine restricts users from finding information on topics such as Taiwanese independence.
Yahoo recently signed a deal to buy 40 per cent of the Chinese website Alibab.com for $US 1 billion dollars. With more than 100 million Internet users, China has the world’s second largest market after the United States.
Yahoo is not the only foreign company that has drawn controversy over its willingness to ignore human rights at the expense of doing business in China.
In June 2005, Microsoft banned users of its Chinese-language blog hosting service, MSN Spaces (http://spaces.msn.com/?mkt=zh-cn), from using politically sensitive words in their online weblogs, or blogs. According to tests run by RSF, when a blogger in China tries to post a message containing terms such as „democracy“, „Dalai Lama“, „Falun Gong“, „4 June“ (the date of the Tiananmen Square massacre), „China + corruption“, or „human rights“, they receive a warning that says, „This message contains a banned expression, please delete this expression.“
Visit:
– RSF: http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=14884
– CPJ: http://www.cpj.org/news/2005/China07sept05na.html
– Dui Hua Foundation: http://www.duihua.org/
– International Herald Tribune: http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/09/11/business/yahoo.php
– RConversation: http://rconversation.blogs.com/rconversation/2005/09/yahoo_email_in_.html
– China’s Internet: Let 1,000 Filters Bloom: http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5928
– OpenNet Initiative Report on Internet Filtering in China: http://www.opennetinitiative.net/studies/china/
3. PHILIPPINES: MEDIA WATCHDOG DEMONSTRATES POWER OF BLOGGING
The Philippines has one of the most vibrant media landscapes in Southeast Asia, with at least 20 daily newspapers, more than a dozen tabloids, six national television networks, an all-news cable station and dozens of radio stations. Yet far from leading the news agenda, traditional media are following online blogs for breaking news, reports the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR).
One blog, in particular, has become an indispensable source on the country’s recent political crisis – Inside PCIJ (www.pcij.org/blog). Run by the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ), the blog was the first to reveal tapes and transcripts of an alleged phone conversation between President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and an election official during the vote count for the 2004 presidential election. Arroyo has since admitted having such a conversation and has come under intense pressure to resign.
Created initially to complement mainstream media, Inside PCIJ has instead become the source for news tips and analyses, especially on the presidential scandal. The Center’s staff of seven ventures out to cover stories, take pictures, transcribe tapes and fact-check tips from sources. At the peak of the scandal in June 2005, PCIJ’s blog registered almost 500,000 hits that month.
„A blog has meant space for us to further enhance our reporting and at the same time expand the frontiers of information access,“ says PCIJ staffer Alecks Pabico. „With a blog, not only are we able to provide our readers with the mere text of our stories, but also downloadable copies of primary documents gathered in the research phase, images, links to relevant websites from which we got secondary materials, statistics, studies and human sources to give background and context to what we’ve written.“
To read more about how blogging is redefining journalism and access to information in the Philippines, see:
– Beyond the Call of Duty: http://www.cmfr-phil.org/pjr-aug2.htm
– Blog Power in 2005: http://www.cmfr-phil.org/pjr-july.htm
– Inside PCIJ: http://www.pcij.org/blog/
– PCIJ: http://www.pcij.org/
AMERICAS
4. UNITED STATES: FEDERAL AGENCY TRIES TO CENSOR POST-KATRINA COVERAGE
In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, U.S. authorities have attempted to prevent several journalists from covering rescue efforts, say Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontières, RSF) and the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ).
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which has been criticised for its initial slow response to the disaster, raised alarm bells last week when it asked news organisations not to photograph bodies being recovered in Louisiana and Mississippi.
CPJ and RSF also raised concern about police violence against journalists covering clashes between police and looters. They recorded at least four incidents in which reporters and photographers were roughed up or intimidated, including „Toronto Star“ photographer Lucas Oleniuk, whose digital camera and memory cards were removed. Oleniuk had filmed officers beating two suspects. In another incident, NBC anchor Brian Williams and his crew were ordered to stop trying to film a National Guard unit securing a store in downtown New Orleans on 7 September.
Visit:
– CPJ: http://www.cpj.org/news/2005/USA09sept05na.html
– RSF: http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=14894
– Photojournalists Obstructed: http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/news/2005/09/hurricane2.html
– Democracy Now: http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/09/1411231
– Washington Post: http://tinyurl.com/753pu
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TAKE ACTION!
5. THAILAND: PETITION TO SUPPORT MEDIA REFORM ACTIVIST
Join Noam Chomsky, Ariel Dorfman and others in supporting the case of Supinya Klangnarong, a campaigner on media reform in Thailand who faces a two-year jail sentence and US$10 million fine for daring to question Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra’s business and political relationships.
An online petition calling on Shin Corp. to drop its lawsuits against Supinya has been launched. So far, more than 1,200 individuals have signed on.
In July 2003, Supinya said in an interview published in the „Thai Post“ that Shin Corp. profits had soared since Thaksin came to power in 2001. Shin Corp. was founded by the prime minister and is now owned by his family. Founded in 1983, the company owns Thailand’s biggest mobile phone company and Internet provider, controls iTV television station and holds a monopoly on the country’s satellite communications business.
The Southeast Asian Press Alliance (SEAPA) says the outcome of the Supinya trial will set an important precedent for free expression in Thailand. „This case will either free people to speak out for a better Thailand, or it will teach them to never question people in power,“ says SEAPA Executive Director Roby Alampay. A court ruling is expected in December.
Sign the petition here: http://www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/636390824?ltl=1126641597
For more information, visit:
– SEAPA: http://www.seapabkk.org/
– IFEX: http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/68712
– WACC: http://www.wacc.org.uk/supinya
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REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS
6. CERIGUA DOCUMENTS ATTACKS ON GUATEMALAN JOURNALISTS
CERIGUA (Centro de Reportes Informativos sobre Guatemala) has released a new report on the state of free expression in Guatemala which shows how dangerous it continues to be for journalists in the country.
Between 1 January and 31 July 2005, 31 journalists were victims of violent attacks, including a radio station operator outside of the capital who was murdered, according to the report. Guatemala City recorded the highest number of attacks, with eight, followed by the regional departments of Huehuetenango, Chiquimula, Zacapa, Sololá, Retalhuleu, Jalapa, Escuintla, San Marcos, Jutiapa, Totonicapán and Baja Verapaz.
The majority of this year’s attacks came in response to journalists‘ attempts to obtain information from government institutions and courts, or cover protests and demonstrations by social groups and former members of the feared paramilitary anti-insurgency groups that were organised by the military in the 1980s.
Since 1 January 2003, there have been more than 150 violent attacks against journalists, three of which resulted in death, says CERIGUA.
The full report, available only in Spanish, can be obtained by e-mailing: observatorioperiodistas@cerigua.org or informacion@cerigua.org
For other reports on Guatemala, see:
– International Press Institute: http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Americas/guatemal.htm
– Committee to Protect Journalists: http://www.cpj.org/attacks04/americas04/guatemala.html
– Human Rights Watch: http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/13/guatem9849.htm
– Freedom House: http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/freeworld/2004/countryratings/guatemala.htm
7. UKRAINE OBSTRUCTING JUSTICE IN JOURNALIST’S MURDER
Powerful political figures in Ukraine who authorised the assassination of investigative reporter Gyorgy Gongadze in 2000 are eluding justice, according to a new report by four journalists‘ organisations, including the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ).
Published jointly by IFJ, the National Union of Journalists of Great Britain and Ireland, the Gongadze Foundation and the Institute of Mass Information, the report warns that an ongoing investigation into Gongadze’s murder continues to be marked by serious negligence. It points the finger at Ukrainian authorities, who it accuses of steering the investigation away from the powerful organisers of the crime and limiting it to the handful of individuals who took part in the killing.
„The people who authorised the brutal assassination of Gongadze still roam the corridors of power in Kiev,“ says Aidan White, IFJ General Secretary.
Shortly after the headless body of Gongadze was found in 2000, tapes made by a bodyguard of former president Leonid Kuchma, on which the president and other ministers could be heard planning to harm Gongadze, were leaked to the press.
The investigation has established that Gongadze was killed by a group of serving interior ministry officers, some of whom are expected to be tried shortly. But the leader of the group, General Olexiy Pukach, has disappeared. Former interior minister Yuri Kravchenko, a key witness, died in mysterious circumstances in 2004.
At the same time, the Ukrainian general prosecutor has failed to examine the links between the case and the operation of death squads within the interior ministry. He has also failed to convince a court to accept the Kuchma tapes as evidence.
Read the full report here: http://www.ifj.org/pdfs/gongadze2.pdf
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„IN OTHER NEWS“…
8. OURMEDIA HOLDS CONFERENCE IN BANGALORE
OURMedia/NuestrosMedios is holding its fifth world conference in Bangalore this year, with a special focus on grassroots communication initiatives for social change in India and Southeast Asia.
The conference will be held from 5 to 9 December 2005, and bring together more than 400 academics, researchers and activists to network and exchange knowledge on information and communication technologies (ICTs). It will be aimed at building strategies and collaborations among participants to promote communication rights, effective access to ICTs and community/citizen participation in the media.
For details, visit: http://www.ourmedianet.org/general/conferences.html
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USEFUL WEBSITES
9. ASIA MEDIA FORUM
Asiamediaforum.org is a space for media professionals to share insights on issues related to the media and their profession, and to exchange stories, information and opinions on democracy, development and human rights in Asia.
IFEX members and journalists can join AMF and be kept informed about the latest media developments in the region. Membership is free.
The website is hosted by Inter Press Service (IPS) Asia-Pacific and financially supported by ActionAid International.
Visit http://www.AsiaMediaForum.org
For more information, contact: Surasak Glahan, AMF Fellow; Tel: (66-2) 246-7877-8 (IPS Asia-Pacific Bangkok office); (66-4) 101-4773 (mobile); Fax: (66-2) 246-7876 (IPS office); E-mail: surasak@asiamediaforum.org
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AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS
10. APC BETINHO COMMUNICATIONS PRIZE
Civil society organisations, community-based groups, networks and social movements in Latin America and the Caribbean are encouraged to submit nominations for the 2005 APC Betinho Communications Prize, which recognises outstanding community initiatives that use the Internet and other digital communication networks to achieve sustainable development and social justice.
Named after Herbet de Souza (Betinho), a visionary Brazilian social activist, the US $7,500 prize is shared among up to three winners. The theme for this year’s award recognises community initiatives that use information and communication technologies (ICTs) to access markets, skills and opportunities and derive real economic benefits.
Applications are accepted in Spanish, Portuguese and English.
The deadline for nominations is 16 October 2005.
For full details, visit: http://www.apc.org/english/betinho/index.shtml
11. DAN DAVID PRIZE
The Dan David Prize annually awards three prizes of US$ 1 million each for achievements having an outstanding scientific, technological, cultural or social impact on the world. In 2006, one of the prizes will be awarded to a journalist working in print media who has contributed to the field of journalism as a whole and has had a significant impact on today’s society.
Special attention will be paid to candidates who promote human rights, democracy and pluralism; encourage freedom of political and cultural expression; oppose discrimination of any kind; condemn the use of media as propaganda or to promote intolerance and conflict; and act as catalysts for positive change.
The deadline for submitting nominations is 30 November 2005.
For more information, visit: http://www.dandavidprize.org/nominations.html
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ALERTS ISSUED BY THE IFEX CLEARING HOUSE DURING THE PAST WEEK
6 SEPTEMBER 2005
Afghanistan – Journalist arrested in Jalalabad (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69016/
Bangladesh – Nine journalists in Satkhira receive death threats (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69018/
Democratic Republic of Congo – One month after human-rights activist assassinated, RSF alarmed by journalists‘ working conditions in Bukavu (RSF) – capsule report
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69019/
Somalia – Journalists‘ union leaders receive death threats; journalist kidnapped, released (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69021/
Uzbekistan – Human rights activist forced into psychiatric detention for distributing political leaflets (Human Rights Watch) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69023/
United States – Journalists victims of police violence in New Orleans in Katrina aftermath (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69024/
7 SEPTEMBER 2005
China – Imprisoned Internet journalist on hunger strike (CPJ) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69030/
Nepal – Journalist hospitalised after police attack at a rally in Kathmandu (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69031/
Republic of Congo – Community radio station suspended indefinitely (JED) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69032/
Mauritania – RSF issues twelve press freedom recommendations for month-old military junta (RSF) – press release
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69034/
Serbia and Montenegro – Journalists, activists threatened with violence (ANEM) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69035/
Iran – Akbar Ganji back in prison after just two weeks to recover from hunger strike (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69037/
Brazil – Shooting of Rio journalist caps bad month for Brazilian press (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69039/
Europe – IPI concerned by European Commission’s approach to trade and human rights in China (IPI) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69044/
8 SEPTEMBER 2005
Colombia – President of Valle del Cauca Journalists‘ Association assassinated (FLIP) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69058/
Colombia – Camera operator assaulted by police (FLIP) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69060/
Brazil – Judge prohibits newspaper from reporting on trial (IPYS) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69068/
Asia – Survival guide for journalists published in Chinese (IFJ) – press release
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69070/
Colombia – FARC guerrillas blow up radio transmission towers in Cauca (FLIP) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69071/
Peru – Journalist assaulted by government officials (IPYS) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69072/
China/United States – Information supplied by Yahoo! used to sentence journalist Shi Tao to 10 years in prison (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69074/
Thailand – Former „Bangkok Post“ editor sees Thai government hand in his dismissal (SEAPA) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69077/
Singapore – Activist files complaint against broadcaster to challenge censorship law (SEAPA) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69089/
Liberia – Editor attacked by oil-company executive (MFWA) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69090/
Iraq/United States – US army admits firing on Reuters crew (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69100/
Nepal – IFJ calls for Maoist cease-fire to extend to journalists (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69103/
Maldives – Writer and leading opposition politician Mohamed Nasheed charged with „terrorism“ and „sedition“ (WiPC) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69104/
9 SEPTEMBER 2005
Sri Lanka – Journalists assaulted (FMM) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69105/
South Africa – FXI welcomes dropping of Telkom’s case against „Hellkom“ (FXI) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69106/
Afghanistan – Kidnapped journalist now in authorities‘ custody; IFJ reports death threats, beatings of other journalists by authorities (IFJ) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69108/
Brazil – Arsonists torch daily newspaper and two radio stations (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69109/
Chad – Journalist granted provisional release; three others remain jailed (CPJ) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69112/
Egypt – CIHRS releases second report on media coverage of presidential elections (CIHRS) – press release
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69115/
India – Chhattisgarh state security ordinance could put journalists in prison for covering Maoist rebellion (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69133/
Bangladesh – Islamic militants behind death threats to journalists in Satkhira (CPJ) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69141/
Tunisia – NGOs protest deterioration of rights in Tunisia two months ahead of WSIS (IFEX-TMG) – joint action
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/69142/
Iraq – Associated Press cameraman shot and seriously wounded by Iraqi soldiers (RSF) – alert
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The „IFEX Communiqué“ is published weekly by the International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX). IFEX is managed by Canadian Journalists for Free Expression (www.cjfe.org) on behalf of the network’s 64 members.
The views expressed in the „IFEX Communiqué“ are the responsibility of the sources to which they are attributed.
The „IFEX Communiqué“ grants permission for its material to be reproduced or republished as long as it is credited as the source.
Contact: „IFEX Communiqué“ Editor: Geoffrey Chan: communique@ifex.org
Mailing Address: 489 College St. #403, Toronto, Ontario M6G 1A5 Canada, Tel: +1 416 515 9622; Fax: +1 416 515 7879; Website: http://www.ifex.org
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