Die internationale Vereinigung für Pressefreiheit aus Kanada:
An: info@feminissima.de
Betreff: IFEX COMMUNIQUÉ VOL 15 NO 42 | 24 OCTOBER 2006
Datum: Wed, 25. Oct 2006 02:05:13 -0400
The IFEX Communiqué is the weekly newsletter of the International Freedom of
Expression eXchange (IFEX), a global network of 72 organisations working to defend
and promote the right to free expression. IFEX is managed by Canadian Journalists
for Free Expression (www.cjfe.org).
————–| Visit the IFEX website: http://www.ifex.org |——————
—– | INDEX | ——
FREE EXPRESSION SPOTLIGHT:
1. Brazil: Politicised Radio Fosters Violence Against Journalists
REGIONAL NEWS:
2. Belarus: IFJ Launches Campaign to End Impunity in Journalist’s Murder
3. Azerbaijan: Officials Use Courts to Silence Journalists
4. RSF Releases 2006 Global Press Freedom Index
CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS:
5. WAN to Hold Conference on Arab Media
REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS:
6. Freedom House Launches Online Press Freedom Resource
„IN OTHER NEWS“…
7. Violence Against Journalists on the Rise in the Americas: OAS
AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS:
8. Deadline Looms for World Press Freedom Prize Nominations
ALERTS ISSUED BY THE IFEX CLEARING HOUSE LAST WEEK
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FREE EXPRESSION SPOTLIGHT
1. BRAZIL: POLITICISED RADIO FOSTERS VIOLENCE AGAINST JOURNALISTS
Brazil’s impoverished Northeast region, where radio is the most popular news medium, has become known as one of the most dangerous areas for journalists in the Americas, with five journalists killed since 2000, says the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ).
One of the reasons behind the alarming death toll is the proliferation of politically owned or controlled radio stations that have fostered a partisan, attack-oriented brand of commentary on the airwaves.
CPJ investigated the growth of this radio sector during a September 2006 fact-finding mission to the region. It found that throughout the Northeast interior, „radio commentators are routinely involved in politics, campaigning for allies with ardor, attacking foes with a vengeance, and using the airwaves as a springboard for their own political aspirations.“
Many of these so-called journalists are self-taught. Very few are considered independent. Accusations of extramarital affairs and criminal wrongdoing are hurled without restraint or attention to fact. „Journalism in the interior is basically done by radio hosts,“ says Nonato Lima, a journalism professor at Ceará Federal University. „The radio host produces, writes, investigates, does everything.“
New hosts typically obtain a journalism certificate after taking a four-month course that includes a month of classes and three months of internship. „Their journalism is based on opinion, very partisan and political,“ Lima says. Radio hosts typically seek alliances with politicians who provide them with income and protection.
However unprofessional and politically biased these commentators may be, they have become very popular with the poor, giving voice to their everyday concerns and directly intervening to provide assistance in the absence of government support, notes CPJ.
Read the full report here:
http://www.cpj.org/Briefings/2006/DA_fall_06/brazil_mission/brazil_mission.html
Visit these links:
– Freedom House Report on Brazil: http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2006
– International Press Institute: http://tinyurl.com/yyu88g
– Rede em Defesa da Liberdade de Imprensa: http://www.liberdadedeimprensa.org.br/
– ABRAJI: http://www.abraji.org.br
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REGIONAL NEWS:
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
2. BELARUS: IFJ LAUNCHES CAMPAIGN TO END IMPUNITY IN JOURNALIST’S MURDER
Two years after Belarusian journalist Veronika Cherkasova was brutally stabbed in her Minsk apartment on 20 October 2004, her murder remains unsolved. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and the Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ) have now launched a campaign to end the impunity surrounding her case.
IFJ and BAJ have written to Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko urging him to re-open the investigation into Cherkasova’s murder. Earlier this year, Belarusian authorities closed their investigation after failing to pin the murder on her 15-year old son, Anton, and his stepfather. The two individuals were the first to find Cherkasova’s body on 20 October and were immediately identified as the prime suspects. Having failed to make a convincing case against Anton, authorities arrested him and charged him with forging counterfeit money. IFJ believes the charges are spurious. On 11 April 2006, Anton was sentenced to two and a half years in prison.
Several journalistic investigations have revealed that prior to her murder, Cherkasova had started researching allegations that the Belarus Infobank had been involved in illegal weapons sales to Iraq, notes IFJ. Infobank’s accounts had been frozen in the US in August 2004 and Cherkasova had participated in an Infobank-organised visit to Baghdad. The photos from that trip were the only items missing from her apartment after her body was discovered.
As part of its campaign, IFJ has invited its affiliates around the world to write letters to the Belarusian government and put pressure on authorities to re-open the Cherkasova case (see sample letter: http://www.ifj.org/docs/appeal1.doc). It has also released a report about the case, which casts doubt on the Belarusian government’s commitment to solving the murder.
Cherkasova is not the only murdered journalist whose case remains unsolved by authorities. No one has been brought to justice in the killings of Zmitri Zavadski, who disappeared in 2000, and Vasil Hrodnikau, who was killed in 2005.
The impunity surrounding these cases highlights the severe lack of press freedom in Belarus, says IFJ. Since Lukashenko came to power 11 years ago, independent journalism has been all but eradicated. Journalists who criticise the government have been bullied, fined and imprisoned. Legal measures have been introduced making it increasingly difficult to openly criticise the government. Private media have been barred from using the national printing press and distribution systems, forcing several newspapers to print and distribute from Russia. Today, most private media have been forced to move solely to Internet-based operations.
Visit these links:
– IFJ: http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Index=4276&Language=EN
– IFJ Report on Cherkasova Murder: http://www.ifj.org/pdfs/GettingAwayWithMurder.pdf
– BAJ: http://www.baj.ru
– Veronica Cherkasova Memorial Site: http://veronikacherkasova.org/
– Reporters Without Borders: http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_en_bd.pdf
– Freedom House: http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2006
– International Press Institute: http://www.freemedia.at/cms/ipi/freedom_detail.html?country=/KW0001/KW0003/KW0050/
3. AZERBAIJAN: OFFICIALS USE COURTS TO SILENCE CRITICAL JOURNALISTS
A widespread attempt to silence opposition media is taking place through the courts in Azerbaijan, where public officials have filed at least a dozen lawsuits against journalists in the past three months, report the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), the International Press Institute (IPI), the World Association of Newspapers (WAN) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontieres, RSF).
Five of the lawsuits have been filed by Interior Minister Ramil Usubov, who has accused Eynulla Fatullayev, Fikret Faramazoglu and Shakhin Agabeili of libel and insult.
On 26 September 2006, Fatullayev was sentenced to two years in prison, fined 10,000 manats (US$11,300) and ordered to publish a retraction. His newspaper, „Realny Azerbaijan“, was fined 5,000 manats (US$5,600) in damages. Fatullayev plans to appeal the decision. Fatullayev had published articles in August that alleged ties between Usubov and former Interior Minister Haji Mammadov, who is facing murder and kidnapping charges.
Shakhin Agabeili, editor in chief of the newspaper „Millio Yol“, was also sued for alleging that Usubov had ties to Mammadov. Usubov withdrew his complaint after Agabeili was convicted in a separate defamation case and after Agabeili apologised to him following a week-long imprisonment and interrogation. In the other case, Agabeili was sentenced to one year in prison on 10 August 2006 for defaming a leader of the ruling Yeni Azerbaijan Party. On 23 October, Agabeili was pardoned by President Ilham Aliyev.
Faramazoglu was sentenced to a suspended one-year prison term on 26 August and fined 500 manats (US$600) for libeling and insulting Usubov in two articles published in July. His weekly opposition newspaper, „24 Saat“, was also fined 500 manats. Faramazoglu also faces defamation charges filed by Dzhavid Gurbanov, a member of parliament who alleges that „24 Saat“ published articles in August which questioned his relations with a former health minister who was arrested in October 2005 and accused of plotting a coup.
Other journalists who have been convicted or face criminal defamation charges include Sakit Zakhidov, a journalist with the opposition daily „Azadlig“, and Samir Adigozalov, editor of the newspaper „Boyuk Millat“.
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s (OSCE) Representative on Freedom of the Media, Miklos Haraszti, has called on Azerbaijan to abolish its criminal defamation laws, arguing that civil laws are adequate for addressing libel. ARTICLE 19 reports that Azeri officials have recently prepared a draft law that seeks to decriminalise defamation and sets out clear rules for civil defamation.
Visit these links:
– IPI: http://www.freemedia.at/cms/ipi/statements_detail.html?ctxid=CH0055&docid=CMS1161354783099
– WAN: http://www.wan-press.org/article12162.html
– CPJ: http://www.cpj.org/protests/06ltrs/europe/azer02oct06pl.html
– RSF: http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19067
– ARTICLE 19: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/analysis/azerbaijan-defamation.pdf
– OSCE Report on Azerbaijan: http://www.osce.org/documents/rfm/2005/07/15783_en.pdf
INTERNATIONAL
4. RSF RELEASES 2006 GLOBAL PRESS FREEDOM INDEX
North Korea, Eritrea and Turkmenistan are the world’s worst violators of press freedom, according to the latest global index released by Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontieres, RSF).
It is the sixth straight year that North Korea has topped the list since RSF’s index was introduced in 2002. Under Kim Jong-il, the media is under total state control, says RSF. In Turkmenistan, the death of journalist Ogulsapar Muradova shows that the country’s leader, “President-for-Life” Separmurad Nyazov, is willing to use extreme violence against those who dare to criticise him. In Eritrea, several journalists have been imprisoned in secret detention centres for more than five years.
At the other end of the scale, Finland, Ireland, Iceland and the Netherlands tied for first place in having the best record on press freedom. The United States ranked 53rd, behind countries such as Ghana, Mali, El Salvador and Panama.
Covering 168 countries, the index reflects the degree of freedom journalists and news organisations enjoy in each country, and the efforts made by the state to respect and ensure respect for press freedom, between September 2005 and September 2006. The rankings are based on a list of 50 criteria for assessing press freedom in a country, including every kind of violation directly affecting journalists (murders, imprisonment, physical attacks and threats) and news media (censorship, confiscation of issues, searches and harassment).
Visit: http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388
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CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS
5. WAN TO HOLD CONFERENCE ON ARAB MEDIA
The World Association of Newspapers (WAN) will be holding a conference in Beirut, Lebanon on 10-11 December 2006 to explore the efforts of Arab media to win their independence and freedom in an environment of continuing repression and harassment.
The conference, entitled ‚Press Under Siege‘, will focus on the physical threats and dangers to media staff, legislative and economic pressures used to control media, censorship and self-censorship, and programmes to support the development of professional and commercially viable news enterprises. The event is part of a series of WAN ‚Media in Danger‘ conferences held in different regions of the world.
Leading publishers and editors from across the Middle East are being invited to discuss these challenges at the conference, which is being hosted by the Lebanese daily „An-Nahar“.
The opening session of ‚Press Under Siege‘ will include the presentation of the first Gebran Tueni Award to an Arab newspaper executive, in honour of the former Lebanese newspaper publisher and long-standing WAN Board Member who was killed in a car-bomb attack in Beirut on 12 December 2005.
For more information, visit: http://www.wan-press.org/tueni_award/articles.php?id=590
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REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS
6. FREEDOM HOUSE LAUNCHES ONLINE PRESS FREEDOM RESOURCE
Freedom House has released a new web-based resource providing comprehensive information about press freedom around the world. The website includes global and regional pages highlighting the main trends for each year, as well as detailed historical data since 1980 from the organisation’s annual Freedom of the Press survey.
Other features of the new web pages include annual essays summarising the state of global press freedom, interactive maps showing the state of press freedom in a country for each year since 2002, and reports and ratings for every country in the world. The web pages also contain links to press freedom resources, including Freedom House press releases, op-eds, programmatic activities, and other press freedom and media support groups.
„Freedom of the Press: A Global Survey of Media Independence“ covers 194 countries and territories and rates each country’s media as Free, Partly Free, or Not Free. Country narratives examine the legal environment for the media, political pressures that influence reporting, and economic factors that affect access to information.
Visit: http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=16
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„IN OTHER NEWS“…
7. VIOLENCE AGAINST JOURNALISTS ON THE RISE IN THE AMERICAS: OAS
Violence against journalists is increasing across the Americas, according to a report by the Organization of American States‘ (OAS) Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression.
Between 1 July and 30 September 2006, at least seven journalists were murdered because of their work. Dozens of others were physically assaulted, kidnapped or threatened.
The Rapporteur’s report also notes a decreasing tolerance for criticism on the part of governments in the region. Subtler forms of censorship are being increasingly used to penalise media outlets and journalists that are critical of authorities, including denying government advertising, impeding access to official sources, pressuring state and private media to fire outspoken journalists, and instigating politically motivated administrative inspections, such as tax audits.
To read the report and list of cases, visit:
http://www.cidh.org/relatoria/showarticle.asp?artID=680&lID=1
http://www.cidh.org/relatoria/showDocument.asp?DocumentID=180
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AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS
8. DEADLINE LOOMS FOR WORLD PRESS FREEDOM PRIZE NOMINATIONS
Organisations working in the field of journalism and freedom of expression have until 31 October 2006 to nominate candidates for the 2007 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize.
Named in honour of the Colombian journalist who was killed in 1986 for criticising the country’s powerful drug lords, the US$25,000 prize honours a person or organisation that has made a notable contribution to the defence and promotion of press freedom anywhere in the world.
This year is the 10th anniversary of the prize, which will be presented to the winner on 3 May 2007 in Colombia on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day.
Organisations can nominate a maximum of three candidates. Self-nominations are not accepted.
Nominations forms can be obtained here:
http://tinyurl.com/mm7y3
For more information, visit: www.unesco.org/webworld/wpfd/2006
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ALERTS ISSUED BY THE IFEX CLEARING HOUSE LAST WEEK
16 OCTOBER 2006
China – Government unblocks access to Wikipedia’s English-language version (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78394/
France – Proposed law prohibiting denial of Armenian genocide violates free expression, says ARTICLE 19 (ARTICLE 19) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78392/
Honduras – Two journalists face defamation charges (PROBIDAD) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78390/
Iraq – Radio journalist murdered in Baghdad (CPJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78406/
Yemen – Human rights defender scheduled to participate in conference arrested and detained (CIHRS) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78405/
Russia – News agency director killed in knife attack, IFJ calls for detailed probe (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78404/
Nepal – Maoist activists prevent journalists from covering peace talks at prime minister’s residence (FNJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78403/
Palestine – Fatah-linked radio studios attacked and destroyed (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78402/
Yemen – French TV journalist held after arriving on refugee boat (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78399/
Sri Lanka – Editor of „The Sunday Observer“ fired (FMM) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78398/
Russia – Critical website on Chechnya shut down (CPJ)- alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78397/
Malaysia – Outcry as political pressure forces retraction of economic report (SEAPA)- alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78396/
Afghanistan – Italian journalist kidnapped (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78395/
17 OCTOBER 2006
Iraq – CPJ calls for US military to reopen investigation into journalist’s death after UK court rules him unlawfully killed by US troops (CPJ) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78433/
Azerbaijan – Threat to retransmission of BBC, Voice of America and Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe programmes (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78428/
Nepal – Maoists intimidate journalists; businessmen vandalise television station vehicle (FNJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78423/
Philippines – Arrest warrants issued for newspaper publisher, staff (CMFR) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78419/
Somalia (Somaliland) – Newspaper critical of Islamic courts is publicly burned in Somaliland’s second city (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78418/
China – Cyber-dissident Guo Qizhen sentenced to four years‘ imprisonment for „subversion“ (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78410/
Peru – Mayor sues journalist for alleged defamation (IPYS) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78407/
18 OCTOBER 2006
Sudan – Newspaper reporter freed after being held for more than two weeks (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78452/
North Korea – Pyongyang threatens independent radio stations run by exiles (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78450/
Iraq – Second Al Irakiya journalist killed; cartoonist shot and wounded; kidnapped and tortured journalist Ali Karim released (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78447/
Brazil – CPJ releases report on polarizing political influence on radio news and resulting violence against journalists in Northeast (CPJ) – press release
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78445/
France – Persecuted Turkish writers oppose proposed law criminalising denial of Armenian genocide (WiPC) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78444/
Russia – ARTICLE 19 condemns silencing of critical voices on Chechnya as court closes NGO (ARTICLE 19) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78443/
The Gambia – Newspaper journalist remains arbitrarily detained, 3 months after arrest (MFWA) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78442/
Iraq – Tikrit-based reporter released provisionally, banned from leaving country (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78492/
Afghanistan – RSF launches campaign on behalf of kidnapped Italian photographer (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78489/
Iran – Six journalists arrested in one week (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78487/
Turkmenistan – President Nyazov asked to include two imprisoned journalists in independence anniversary pardon (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78485/
Pakistan – Supreme Court judge dismisses charges against „The News“ crime reporter (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78483/
Mexico – High damages against magazine, journalist for defaming first lady upheld in new ruling (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78462/
Europe/Russia – IFJ demands European Union put pressure on Russia over media crisis, impunity in journalists‘ killings (IFJ)- alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78461/
Europe/Russia – European court rejects case of murdered journalist Kholodov (CPJ) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78458/
India – Youth Congress mob harasses television journalist for broadcasting story critical of leader (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78457/
Gabon – Journalist taken to prison three years after being sentenced (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78456/
China – Two cyber-dissidents formally charged with subversion (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78454/
19 OCTOBER 2006
Belarus – IFJ launches international campaign urging authorities to reopen murdered journalist’s case (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78511/
Sri Lanka – Six years of impunity in murder of BBC journalist (FMM) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78510/
Israel – Two Palestinian journalists assaulted by Israeli security personnel (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78507/
South Africa – Media freedom declining, says FXI (FXI) – capsule report
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78506/
Moldova – Journalists intimidated, threatened after publishing critical reports related to crime and corruption in legal system (IPI) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78505/
Brazil – Judge orders radio station to pull journalist’s comments from its web-page; courts impeding journalists‘ work during elections, says IAPA (IAPA) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78503/
China – New purge at „China Youth Daily“ (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78498/
Russia – Independent newspaper warned by officials over photograph of president, following years of political pressure (CJES) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78497/
Iran – Government bans outspoken students from attending university, requires others to refrain from activism (Human Rights Watch) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78496/
Russia – Police attack peaceful demonstrators at memorial for slain journalist, temporarily detain one journalist (Human Rights Watch) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78495/
Liberia – Journalist badly beaten by police while covering their abuse of detained rioters (CEMESP) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78494/
Somalia – Mogadishu radio station shut down by Islamic Courts Council; journalists temporarily detained in Somaliland airport (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78493/
20 OCTOBER 2006
Sudan – Journalist Saad al-Din Hassan Abdallah arrested, detained, has laptop confiscated (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78532/
Burkina Faso – RSF presents new evidence in Zongo murder case (RSF) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78529/
China – Court orders journalist freed but stops short of quashing his conviction (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78528/
Afghanistan – Italian photographer’s kidnappers demand withdrawal of Italian troops, extend deadline (CPJ) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78525/
Colombia – „Demobilised“ paramilitary group threatens to kill two journalists and their relatives (IPYS) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78524/
South Africa – Parliamentary committee chair criticises media conduct regarding draft law, suggests Constitution be amended to allow limiting of press freedom (FXI) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78523/
Cuba – RSF publishes report on state control of the Internet (RSF) – press release
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78521/
Azerbaijan – Two newspapers prevented from covering former police officer’s trial (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78519/
Turkmenistan – President Nyazov’s „House of Free Creativity“ called a crude provocation (RSF) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78516/
Americas – IAPA urges governments to end discrimination in allocation of government advertising contracts (IAPA) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78514/
Australia – Parliament passes media ownership laws encouraging media concentration, threatening freedom of expression (IFJ) – alert
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78513/
Canada – CJFE welcomes ruling against secrecy law used to justify police raid on journalist’s home (CJFE) – alert update
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/78512/
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The „IFEX Communiqué“ is published weekly by the International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX). IFEX is managed by Canadian Journalists for Free Expression (www.cjfe.org) on behalf of the network’s 72 member organisations.
The IFEX Communiqué is also available in French, Spanish, Russian (www.ifex.cjes.ru/) and Arabic (http://hrinfo.net/ifex/).
The views expressed in the „IFEX Communiqué“ are the sole responsibility of the sources to which they are attributed.
The „IFEX Communiqué“ grants permission for its material to be reproduced or republished only if it is credited as the source.
Contact: „IFEX Communiqué“ Editor: Geoffrey Chan: communiqué [at] ifex [dot] org
Mailing Address: 555 Richmond Street West, #1101, PO Box 407, Toronto, Ontario M5V 3B1 Canada, Tel: +1 416 515 9622; Fax: +1 416 515 7879; Website: http://www.ifex.org
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